Sodium Bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is a white crystalline powder with alkaline properties and the chemical formula NaHCO₃. This versatile compound occurs naturally as nahcolite mineral but is primarily produced industrially through the Solvay process. As a mild, non-toxic base, it serves multiple functions across food processing, pharmaceuticals, personal care, and industrial applications. Its unique ability to release carbon dioxide upon heating or acid contact makes it invaluable as a leavening agent, pH buffer, and effervescent component.